Wednesday, April 13, 2016

Canning the Montana Meat Harvest

Growing up, my family raised beef.  I would guess about 85% of our meals were beef-based.  No one in my family did much hunting or fishing.  A few of the hired hands occasionally enjoyed hunting, so every once in a while, we would get some delicious elk jerky or deer salami as a treat.  Not only did we have several cuts of beef in the freezer at all times, we also had meat stored in our food room on the shelves in jars. (We lived pretty far from town, so it really was a room, not a pantry.  We had both a food storage room and root cellar in the basement. We could have been stranded on the farm for months and we would not have starved. )

My mom always canned beef.  I didn't pay much attention to the canning process, until I got older, but I always loved the soft, tender, juicy canned beef.  Mom would open the cans, boil the meat (as an extra precaution) and serve with noodles and soy sauce.

According to the USDA, "If it is possible that any deviation from the USDA-endorsed methods occurred, to prevent the risk of botulism, low-acid and tomato foods should be boiled in a
saucepan before consuming even if you detect no signs of spoilage. At altitudes below 1,000 ft, boil foods for 10 minutes. Add an additional minute of boiling time for each additional 1,000 ft elevation. However, this is not intended to serve as a recommendation for consuming foods known to be significantly underprocessed according to current standards and recommended methods. It is not a guarantee that all possible defects and hazards with non-recommended methods can be overcome by
this boiling process."

The USDA gives the following directions:
"All low-acid foods canned according to the approved recommendations may be eaten without boiling them when you are sure of all the following:

  • Food was processed in a pressure canner.
  • Gauge of the pressure canner was accurate.
  • Up-to-date researched process times and pressures were used for the size of jar, style of pack, and kind of food being canned.
  • The process time and pressure recommended for sterilizing the food at your altitude was followed.
  • Jar lid is firmly sealed and concave.
  • Nothing has leaked from jar.
  • No liquid spurts out when jar is opened.
  • No unnatural or “off” odors can be detected."

I do know families who process their meat and then, without boiling, add mayonnaise and make it into a sandwich spread.  While that sounds delicious, I am like my mom and I always like to take that extra precaution of boiling.

My upbringing on beef didn't deter me from canning game meat when it has been available to me.  I have canned venison and elk and find I like it just as well as, if not better than, the canned beef I grew up eating.

Meat is a low acid food and must be pressure canned.  Acidic foods are hot water bath processed. Some people find pressure canning intimidating, but it is actually pretty easy.  Honestly, meat is one of the easiest products to can.  I generally do a raw pack, so it is a matter of putting the meat cubes in the jar, sealing with a lid and starting the processing.  Once while I was canning, a neighbor stopped over and watched the process.  She could not believe how simple it was.  Her family does quite a bit of hunting and fishing and they have since started to can portions of their harvest.  It is a great way to preserve meat tying up the freezer.  (The meat doesn't have to be pressure processed right away, it can be frozen first, until a more convenient time -- provided you have the freezer space.)

Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks has prepared this video on canning meat from your hunting and fishing.

Right now I'm thinking about using a can of meat to prepare supper. When my Mom cooked the meat and noodles, it was a nice, simple meal with salad and veggies added. My family also enjoyed canned Flathead cherries as a dessert. I know it was great to have the canned goods when Mom had lots of mouths at the table and little time to prepare.  It was not uncommon for 8-12 people to be around our farm table.  Lots of good food and stories passed around that table! Fortunately, some good food preservation skills got ingrained, too.

You can find MontGuides here for your food preservation needs or you can access the National Center for Home Food Preservation or the USDA Complete Guide to Home Canning.  While home canning and food preservation is relatively simple, there are still some scientific principles at work and food safety concerns, so be sure to follow tested, recommended guidelines and recipes from reliable sources.  Also, remember to get your dial-gauge pressure canner tested for accurahere to find an MSU Extension Office near you and call to see if they offer the free pressure canner testing service.
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Wednesday, April 6, 2016

Depression: What’s the hook?

When we teach the Powerful Tools for Caregivers class, one of the assignments for caregivers is to make an action plan to do something they enjoy each week.  Sometimes when we care for others, particularly in long-term caregiving situations, we can “lose ourselves” in the process.  The focus is so much about the other person that slowly parts of us erode away.  One of my colleagues tells about a caregiver who had “lost herself” for so long that she could not even remember anything that she enjoyed.  My colleague prompted the participant, “Did you ever do any crafts?  Sewing, knitting, crochet?”  As it turned out, the woman used to enjoy crocheting.  The instructor asked her to use crocheting as her action plan for enjoyment.  The woman balked.  She didn’t think she could do that.  In a stroke of inspiration, the teacher said, “Do you think you can either find or buy a crochet hook sometime this week?”  Sometimes, you just have to start somewhere.  


Graphic used under license agreement from PresenterMedia.com
As it turned out the caregiver found her crochet hook, and with it she found some skeins of yarn.  Eventually she found a few minutes to start crocheting.  Before she knew it, she was taking a bag of crocheting supplies with her to her husband’s medical appointments.  She still enjoyed crocheting!  When she found the crochet hook, she started to find a little part of herself that she had lost along the way.  
Sometimes depression can be a slow losing of yourself or a lack of joy and enjoyment. I have been reading about depression and one author suggested finding four things you can enjoy each day.  I think of the woman and the crochet hook.  When you are truly depressed, finding one thing may seem daunting.  A booklet from the National Institute of Health, explains that depression affects different people in different ways.  Depression is a real illness that is treatable.  And, if you have depression, you are not alone.  According to a Center for Disease Control site, during 2009–2012, 7.6% of Americans aged 12 and over had depression (moderate or severe depressive symptoms in the past 2 weeks). Depression was more prevalent among females and persons aged 40–59.
Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities is just one of the signs of depression.  A persistent sad or empty feeling, along with feelings of guilt, worthlessness and helplessness can be signs of depression.  Decreased energy and difficulty concentrating or sleeping are also symptoms and are worthy to note, particularly when these symptoms stretch out over several weeks.  Depression not only affects mood, but also cognitive abilities and can manifest in physical symptoms.  


There are many components that play a factor in depression, as well as multiple types of depression.  Depression can be different throughout the lifespan.  While there is much to study and learn about depression, one of the most important things to know is that depression is treatable.  The treatments may be as varied as the individuals who have depression.  I met a person once who even used an app on his phone to assist his mental health.  More commonly, though, treatment for depression includes medication or one of several types of therapies, or a combination of medication and mental health counseling therapies.


If you feel you have been dealing with depression, be sure to consult with a medical or mental health professional to see what therapies and/or medications might be recommended for you.  As well, there are some other things you can try.  Being active and exercising can provide a huge mental boost.  Spending time with others can be an uplifting activity.  Doing something good for someone else can go a long way to make you feel better.  Of course, doing something you enjoy or used to enjoy is particularly important.  

If you are feeling depressed, you need to find your “crochet hook,” whatever that positive thing might be in your life.  Like a string of yarn, you may feel unraveled or knotted up, but seek help until you find the pattern that works for you and your depression.  

The links below may be the hook you need for help:


Depression and College Students
Bipolar Disorder in Children and Teens
Bipolar Disorder
Depression
Depression in Women

Saturday, April 2, 2016

Build the Bridge to Connect People

Build a Bridge to Connect People

Graphic used under license agreement from PresenterMedia.com


When I attended a recent training on youth in crisis, the instructor spoke about suicide. Because of my degree in counseling, I was not surprised to know that Montana ranks very high in suicide rates.  What did surprise me, though, was a statistic that in the United States in 2012, middle-aged people (45-64 years) had the highest rate of suicide, followed by the elderly (64 and older) and then the young.  Men over the age of 65 have a rate of suicide that is nearly seven times higher than that of women over age 65.  The statistics startled me and compelled me to study further.


As it turned out, the Town and Country Homemakers group in Dutton, who I’ve had the pleasure of working with several times a year for nearly two decades, were looking for an educational program for their March meeting.  I quickly volunteered to teach on the topic of seniors in crisis and suicide in the older population.  


I often find myself as much the student as the teacher with this wonderful group.  Their role call for the meeting was to tell about a time when they were struggling and someone helped them.  Years of life experiences poured out, with the critical message that each crisis passed and someone had been integral in pulling each of them through a dark point in their lives.  The group then went on to their business meeting, some of which involved purposefully considering others who might need company or correspondence.  It seemed one of the main goals of the meeting was to provide points of connection with those who might need it.  It warmed my heart, because the lesson I had prepared included statistics about suicides, signs for suicide and successful prevention of suicide. According to the Montana Strategic Suicide Prevention Plan 2015, one of the suicide risk factors in the elderly includes social isolation and loneliness.  This community-minded group was already working on their own prevention plan.  They gather each month.  During every meeting there are announcements about other community events.  They plan activities to look forward to as a group.  They make an effort to connect to others who might find themselves isolated or going through a rough transition.


Some of the other risk factors for suicide among the elderly include bereavement, perceived poor health, undiagnosed depression, major changes in social roles such as retirement or moving, and financial insecurity.  Also, physical illness, particularly uncontrolled pain, contributes.  However, very few (2-4%) elderly people who complete suicide have been diagnosed with a terminal illness at the time of their death.  


Some of the factors that protect people from suicide include social activity, established social support network, pets and restricted access to lethal means.  In Montana, 63 percent of suicides are from firearms – a particularly lethal means.  It is suggested to have firearms locked and to also have trigger locks.  I’ve heard the recommendation that ammunition and firearms be housed separately.  Anything to make it more complicated or take more time can create a preventive barrier.  Sometimes a delay of even two minutes is enough for someone to change their mind or to have their attempt interrupted.


There are often warning signs before a suicide attempt.  When someone says he should just kill himself or if she talks about ways to kill herself, it is called ideation.  Pay particular attention if a person is unusually focused on death, dying or suicide or if they are unusually seeking access to firearms or pills.  Any time someone expresses that they are considering suicide, it should be taken seriously.  Increased alcohol or substance abuse can be a warning sign.  Starting to give things away or neglecting to take care of themselves or their own hygiene are signs.  Withdrawing from friends and isolating themselves are also signs of concern.  


A way of offering hope is through QPR.  QPR is a technique to offer hope and stands for Question, Persuade and Respond.  In the same way that CPR can keep the heart beating and the blood circulating, using QPR for someone close to suicide can be lifesaving.  It is a very direct approach.  If you suspect or are worried about someone contemplating suicide, ask directly, “Are you thinking about killing yourself?”  You can provide a softer lead, if you want, acknowledging your observations, “You have seemed pretty upset and miserable lately.  Sometimes when other people get to that point, they wish they weren’t alive.  Are you feeling that way?”  Avoid anything judgmental.  It is critically important to remember, this is about them, no matter how you might be impacted.  If they are at the point they are considering suicide, you need to park your own feelings.  How they feel and what they are thinking should drive the conversation.


If they answer that they are thinking about suicide, persuade them to stay alive.  They are considering suicide as a solution.  Find out what the problems are.  Validate their feelings.  Try to really understand, and offer hope in any form.  Ask if you can get them some help.  Even your time listening to their problems is likely to be helpful and hopeful for them.  You may even persuade them to postpone any suicide decision until they have tried some other potential solutions.


Imagine the despair that a person must feel when they reach a point that they are considering ending their life.  They may feel helpless, so the next step is to refer them to help.  It is best if you can take the person directly to help, whether the emergency room, a counselor, clergy or police.  You can also get a commitment from them to accept help and start making the arrangements for a time in the very near future.  If neither of the first two options work, try to get a promise for them to schedule time with a therapist and to not attempt suicide.  


At the Golden Gate Bridge, a site of many suicides and attempts, officers are trained to spot potential jumpers.  One officer has had particular success intervening and has persuaded more than 200 people to reconsider.  His technique is much like QPR.  He asks how they are feeling, and I suspect he is particularly skilled in listening and reaffirming.  He asks them about their plans for the next day.  If they don’t have one, he helps them make a plan for tomorrow, which, in a way, is asking them for a commitment to their plan for tomorrow.  

While many of us are not specially trained to look for signs of suicide, many of us can still build the bridge to human connection.  Sometimes an act as small as a smile can be a huge acknowledgement, and a heartfelt conversation can be a lifeline.  As the women in the Town and Country Homemakers know, connection can make the difference.

Click on any of the links below to connect to more information.

Here are some resources from MSU Extension:


Handling Challenging Times

Understanding and Managing Stress

Helping Friends Cope with Financial Crisis

Depression: What You Should Know


If you are in crisis and want help, call the Montana Suicide Prevention Lifeline, 24/7, at 1-800-273-TALK
(1-800-273-8255).  Reach out to someone.  There are people in your life and in your community who have their hearts open and want you to live.  

Graphic used under license agreement from PresenterMedia.com
The following resources were curated by Montana Department of Health and Human Development and can also be found on their website.

2014 US Suicide Data
After an Attempt
After a Suicide Toolkit for Schools
Let's Talk Montana
Primary Care Guidelines in Assessing Suicide Risk in Veterans
Suicide Mortality Review Team


Suicide Prevention Resources for LGBT Youth
Tools for Primary Care